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WAEC Geography 2024 Answers, question on Geography waec 2024, WAEC Geography Answers 2024. WAEC 2024 Geography obj, 2024 WAEC Geography obj and Essay Answers, WAEC Geography 2024
Friday, 31st May 2024
Geography 2 (Essay) 9:30am – 11:30am
Geography 1 (Objective) 11:30am – 12:30pm
GEOGRAPHY OBJ:
1-10: CADCABCDCC
11-20: ACCAACBBCC
21-30: BCABCAABAD
31-40: ABBACAACAC
41-50: CBADABBDBB
NOTE: NUMBER 2, 3, 4 CONTAINS TWO DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS
VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2.
PLEASE PICK EITHER ONE.
YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO ANSWER FOUR QUESTIONS IN ALL.
TWO(2) QUESTIONS FROM SECTION A AND TWO(2) QUESTIONS FROM SECTION B
(1a)
(i)Primary industries are involved in the extraction and production of raw materials from the earth. WHILE Secondary industries are concerned with processing raw materials obtained from primary industries into finished or semi-finished goods.
(ii)Primary industries include agriculture, mining, forestry, fishing, and other activities that harvest natural resources. WHILE Secondary industries involve manufacturing and construction activities.
(iii)Primary Industries adds less value to products as they are raw materials, usually sold at lower prices. WHILE Secondary Industries adds significant value through processing and manufacturing, resulting in higher-priced goods.
(iv)Primary Industries relies on traditional skills and labor-intensive methods, requiring less specialized training. WHILE Secondary Industries requires more technical skills and specialized training for complex machinery and production processes.
(1b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)Light industries typically require less capital investment compared to heavy industries
(ii)Light industries often produce consumer goods that can be sold in local or regional markets, reducing the need for expensive transportation infrastructure.
(iii)Light industries can adapt quickly to changing market demands and can be scaled up or down more easily than heavy industries
(iv)Light industries generally have a smaller environmental footprint compared to heavy industries, making them more acceptable in regions with less stringent environmental regulations
(v)Developing countries usually have a large supply of labour willing to work for lower wages, which is suitable for labour-intensive light industries such as textiles and apparel manufacturing.
(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)Employment Generation:The industrial sector creates numerous job opportunities, which helps reduce unemployment and underemployment, improving the standard of living.
(ii)Income Generation: Industrial activities contribute to the gross domestic product (GDP) and national income through the production of goods and services, leading to higher national revenue
(iii)Technological Advancement: Industrialization encourages technological innovation and the adoption of new technologies, which can enhance productivity and efficiency across various sectors of the economy.
(iv)Infrastructure Development: The growth of industries often leads to the development of infrastructure such as roads, ports, power supply, and communication networks, which benefits the broader economy.
(v)Diversification of the Economy: A robust industrial sector reduces dependency on agriculture or a single natural resource, diversifying the economic base and making the economy more resilient to external shocks.
(2a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)Rural to Urban Migration
(ii)Urban to Rural Migration
(iii)International Migration
(iv)Seasonal Migration
(v)Internal Migration
(vi)Forced Migration
(2b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i)Economic Opportunities: People move in search of better employment prospects and higher wages, often migrating from rural areas to urban centers.
(ii)Education: Access to better educational facilities can drive families to relocate to areas with schools and universities.
(iii)Conflict and Insecurity: Armed conflicts, political instability, and violence can force people to flee their homes for safer regions or countries.
(iv)Environmental Factors: Natural disasters, climate change, and degradation of arable land can push people to migrate to more hospitable areas.
(v)Healthcare Access: Availability of better healthcare services can attract people to move to regions with hospitals and clinics.
(vi)Government Policies and Development Projects: Infrastructure development, land reforms, and resettlement programs initiated by governments can lead to population movement
(vii)Social and Cultural Factors: social and cultural factors is also part of factor that trigger population movement in Tropical Africa. Family reunification, marriage, and cultural ties can influence people to migrate
(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Economic Growth: An influx of migrants can boost local economies by providing labor, increasing consumer demand, and stimulating business activities.
(ii)Urbanization: Rapid population movement to urban areas can lead to the expansion of cities and the development of new urban centers.
(iii)Pressure on Services and Infrastructure: Increased population can strain existing services such as healthcare, education, housing, and transportation infrastructure
(iv)Cultural Diversity: Migration introduces new cultural practices, languages, and traditions, enriching the social fabric of the destination region.
(v)Environmental Impact: Higher population densities can lead to environmental degradation, including deforestation, water pollution, and increased waste production.
[NUMBER 2 VERSION TWO]
(2a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Rural-rural migration
(i) Urban-rural migration
(iii) Urban-urban migration
(iv) Rural-urban migration
(v) Immigration
(vi) Emigration
(vii) Seasonal migration
(2b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Political instability and conflict: Wars, civil wars, and political persecution can force people to flee their homes and seek refuge in other regions or countries.
(ii) Economic factors: Poverty, unemployment, and lack of resources can drive people to migrate to areas with better economic opportunities.
(iii) Environmental factors: Natural disasters like droughts, famines, and floods can lead to migration as people seek safer and more habitable environments.
(iv) Social and cultural factors*: Marriage, education, and family reunification can cause people to move to new locations.
(v) Demographic factors: Rapid population growth and a high proportion of young people (youth bulge) can lead to migration as people seek better opportunities or escape resource scarcity.
(vi) Technological advancements: Improved transportation and communication can facilitate migration by making it easier for people to move and stay connected with their origins.
(vii) Climate change and environmental degradation: Rising temperatures, desertification, and deforestation can force people to migrate to areas with more favorable environmental conditions.
(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Increased population density and urbanization: When people move to a new region, the population density of that area increases. This can lead to urbanization, as people move from rural areas to cities in search of better opportunities.
(ii) Strain on infrastructure and resources: A sudden influx of people can put pressure on the existing infrastructure and resources of the destination region. This includes housing, water supply, healthcare services, education, and other essential amenities.
(iii) Economic benefits: Migration can bring economic benefits to the destination region, such as an increased labor force, new skills, and entrepreneurship. Migrants can start new businesses, create jobs, and stimulate economic growth.
(iv) Cultural and social diversity: When people from different backgrounds move to a new region, they bring their unique cultures, customs, and social norms. This can lead to cultural diversity and exchange, but also potential conflicts and integration challenges.
(v) Environmental impact: Population movement can lead to environmental degradation, pollution, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity in the destination region. This is particularly true if the migrants engage in activities like agriculture, mining, or urban development without proper environmental regulations.
(3a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
The birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a given population over a specific period, typically one year. It is an essential demographic indicator used to assess population growth and reproductive health trends.
OR
The birth rate is a demographic indicator that measures the frequency of live births in a specified population, expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 people in that population over the course of one year.
(3b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Cultural Practices: In many parts of Tropical Africa, cultural norms and traditions favor large families. High value is placed on having many children, which can increase the birth rate.
(ii) Economic Factors: In agrarian societies, children are often seen as economic assets who can contribute to the family’s labor force. This economic benefit can drive higher birth rates.
(iii) Access to Education: Lower levels of education, particularly among women, often correlate with higher birth rates. Educated women tend to have fewer children as they have greater access to family planning information and career opportunities.
(iv) Health Care Accessibility: Limited access to healthcare, including reproductive health services and contraception, can result in higher birth rates.
(v) Government Policies: Policies that promote or discourage family planning can significantly impact birth rates. In some areas, lack of support for family planning services can lead to higher birth rates.
(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Labor Force: A large population provides a substantial labor force, which can drive economic development if properly harnessed.
(ii) Market Size: Over-population can lead to a large domestic market, encouraging businesses to invest and thrive due to high demand for goods and services.
(iii) Innovation and Cultural Diversity: A diverse and large population can foster innovation and cultural richness, contributing to a dynamic and creative society.
(iv) Military Strength: A larger population can translate into a stronger military force, which may enhance national security.
(v) Human Resources: Over-population can provide a wealth of human resources, which can be advantageous for various sectors such as education, healthcare, and technology.
(3d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Resource Depletion: Over-population puts immense pressure on natural resources, leading to depletion and environmental degradation.
(ii) Unemployment: High population growth can result in insufficient job opportunities, leading to high levels of unemployment and underemployment.
(iii) Poor Living Conditions: Over-population can strain infrastructure and social services, resulting in overcrowded living conditions, inadequate housing, and poor sanitation.
(iv) Healthcare Strain: Over-population can overwhelm healthcare systems, making it difficult to provide adequate medical services to everyone.
(v) Food Security: High population growth can lead to food shortages and increased malnutrition as the demand for food outpaces supply.
[NUMBER 3 VERSION TWO]
(3a)
birth rate is a demographic measure that indicates the number of live births occurring in a population per 1,000 people per year. It is an essential indicator of population growth and is used by demographers to understand and predict population trends. Birth Rate = (Number of Live Births / Total Population) × 1,000
(3b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Cultural and Religious Beliefs: Traditions and religious practices often encourage large families and high fertility rates.
(ii)Economic Factors: In many rural areas, children are seen as an economic asset, providing labor for farming and family businesses, which can lead to higher birth rates.
(iii)Access to Education: Lower levels of female education are often associated with higher birth rates. Educated women tend to have fewer children.
(iv)Healthcare Access: Limited access to healthcare, including family planning and reproductive health services, can result in higher birth rates.
(v)Infant Mortality Rate: High infant mortality rates can lead families to have more children to ensure that some survive to adulthood.
(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Large Labor Force: A high population provides a large workforce, which can drive economic growth and development.
(ii)Market Expansion: A larger population creates a bigger domestic market for goods and services, stimulating local businesses and industries.
(iii)Cultural Diversity: Over-population can enhance cultural diversity, leading to a rich mix of traditions, languages, and cultural practices.
(iv)Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A larger population can lead to increased innovation and entrepreneurial activities as people find new ways to solve problems and meet demands.
(v)Economies of Scale: With a larger population, economies of scale can be achieved, making it more cost-effective to provide public services and infrastructure.
(3d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Resource Depletion: Over-population can lead to the overuse and depletion of natural resources such as water, arable land, and forests.
(ii)Unemployment: A large population can result in high levels of unemployment and underemployment, especially if the economy cannot create enough jobs.
(iii)Pressure on Infrastructure: Over-population puts strain on existing infrastructure, leading to congestion, inadequate housing, and overburdened transportation systems.
(iv)Environmental Degradation: Increased population leads to more waste, pollution, and environmental damage, exacerbating issues like deforestation and climate change.
(v)Strain on Public Services: Healthcare, education, and other public services can become overstretched, leading to lower quality and accessibility for the population.
(4)
[NUMBER 4 VERSION TWO]
(4a)
(4b)
(i) Poor road infrastructure: inadequate maintenance, potholes, and lack of drainage
(ii) Inadequate public transportation: limited bus and train services, overcrowding, and unreliability
(iii) Traffic congestion: heavy traffic, accidents, and gridlocks in urban areas
(iv) Security challenges: armed robbery, kidnapping, and vandalism of vehicles and infrastructure
(4c)
(i) Facilitates trade and commerce: enables the movement of goods and services, stimulating economic activity and growth
(ii) Supports industrial development: transportation infrastructure enables the movement of raw materials and finished goods, supporting industrial production and economic diversification
(iii) Creates employment opportunities: transportation sector provides jobs in driving, logistics, and maintenance, contributing to employment and economic growth
(5a)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Climate: Different regions in Nigeria have varying climatic conditions, which affect what crops can be grown. For instance, the northern region with its arid climate is suitable for crops like millet and sorghum, while the southern region with its humid climate supports crops like cocoa and palm oil.
(ii) Soil Type:The fertility and type of soil in different parts of Nigeria influence agricultural productivity. Areas with rich, loamy soil are more suitable for crop farming, while regions with poor, sandy soil may be better for certain types of grazing.
(iii) Topography: The physical landscape, including mountains, valleys, and plains, affects what can be produced. Flat plains are ideal for large-scale farming, while hilly or mountainous areas may be better for specific crops or livestock.
(iv) Water Availability: Access to water resources, such as rivers, lakes, and rainfall, is crucial for agriculture and other production activities. Areas with abundant water resources can support irrigation-based agriculture and industries that require significant water input.
(v) Economic Factors: Market demand, availability of capital, and access to technology can influence production. Regions with better infrastructure and market access can support more diverse and technologically advanced production.
(vi) Government Policies: Policies such as subsidies, tariffs, and support for certain industries can encourage the production of specific goods. For example, government incentives for agricultural production can boost farming activities.
(vi) Human Resources: The availability of skilled and unskilled labor affects what can be produced. Areas with a higher population and better educational facilities can support industries requiring specialized skills.
(5b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Poor Infrastructure: Inadequate transportation networks, such as roads, railways, and ports, can impede the movement of goods within the country and for export, leading to delays and increased costs.
(ii) Corruption: Corruption at various levels of government and within trade-related institutions can create obstacles for businesses, including the need to pay bribes and deal with bureaucratic red tape.
(iii) Insecurity: Issues such as terrorism, banditry, and piracy can disrupt trade routes, lead to loss of goods, and deter both local and foreign investors from engaging in trade activities.
(iv) Inconsistent Government Policies: Frequent changes in trade policies, tariffs, and regulations can create uncertainty and instability, making it difficult for businesses to plan and operate effectively.
(v) Lack of Access to Finance: Difficulty in obtaining loans and other financial services can hinder businesses from expanding their operations and engaging in larger-scale trade.
(vi) Electricity Shortages: Frequent power outages and lack of reliable electricity supply can affect production processes, increase costs, and reduce the competitiveness of Nigerian goods in the international market.
(vii) Trade Barriers: High tariffs, import/export restrictions, and complex customs procedures can make it difficult for businesses to trade across borders, reducing trade volumes and increasing costs.
(6)
OR
(6a)
(i) Longitude 15°E: (Shown as a vertical line on the map)
(ii) Udi Hill: (Located in Enugu State)
(iii) Lokoja: (Located in Kogi State)
(6b)
(i) Agricultural productivity: Highlands in Nigeria provide suitable terrain for agriculture, supporting crops like coffee, tea, and cocoa, which are significant contributors to the country's economy.
(ii) Water resources: Highlands are often the source of rivers and streams, providing water for irrigation, drinking, and hydroelectric power generation.
(iii) Tourism and recreation: Nigeria's highlands offer scenic landscapes, cool climates, and opportunities for hiking, trekking, and other outdoor activities, attracting tourists and supporting local economies.
(6c)
(i) Difficulty in transportation and communication: Highlands can make it challenging to build roads, bridges, and other infrastructure, limiting access to remote areas and hindering economic development.
(ii) Soil erosion and landslides: Steep slopes and heavy rainfall in highlands can lead to soil erosion and landslides, causing environmental degradation and loss of fertile land.
(iii) Limited accessibility to healthcare and education: Remote highland communities often have limited access to healthcare facilities, schools, and other essential services, hindering human development and well-being.
(iv) Conflict over land use: Highlands may be subject to competing interests for land use, such as agriculture, conservation, and mining, leading to conflicts between local communities, governments, and investors.
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