Monday, 18th November 2024
Agricultural Science 3 (Alternative to Practical Work): 2:00pm – 3:30pm.

(1ai)
A - Platy
B - Blocky
C - Granular
D - Prismatic

(1aii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Add organic matter (eg, compost or manure) to enhance soil aggregation and fertility.
(ii) Practice conservation tillage to avoid soil compaction and maintain structure.
(iii) Introduce cover crops to reduce erosion and improve soil health.
(iv) Apply gypsum to improve the structure of clay soils by breaking down compacted layers.

(1aiii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Enhances water infiltration and retention, ensuring sufficient water for plant roots.
(ii) Improves aeration, enabling root respiration and nutrient uptake.
(iii) Reduces soil erosion by holding soil particles together.
(iv) Facilitates root penetration, allowing plants to access deeper nutrients and water.

(1b)
Earthworm

(1bi)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Soil pH (earthworms thrive in neutral to slightly alkaline soils).
(ii) Moisture levels (they require moist soil for survival).
(iii) Organic matter availability (as food source).
(iv) Soil temperature (extreme heat or cold can reduce their population).
(v) Use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides (can harm or kill earthworms).

(1biii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Enhances soil aeration through burrowing.
(ii) Increases soil fertility by breaking down organic matter into humus.
(iii) Improves water infiltration by creating tunnels in the soil.
(iv) Promotes nutrient cycling by digesting and excreting organic materials.
(v) Reduces soil compaction, creating better conditions for root growth.

(3a)

Spec A; grasshopper

Spec B:  termite 

Spec C: weevil

(3b) 

Spec; B Termites typically have chewing mouthparts, adapted for consuming wood and plant material. 

Spec; C Weevils have chewing mouthparts, which they use to bore into grains and seeds.

 (3c) 

Spec; A 

(i)maize

(ii)wheat.

Spec; B 

(i)sugarcane

(ii)maize.

(3di) 

Termites can cause extensive damage to crops and wooden structures. This can lead to increased costs for farmers due to crop loss and the need for pest management and control measures.

(3dii)

Treat wood with termiticides or use termite-resistant materials like steel, concrete, or plastic for building poultry pens.

(3e) 

(i)Proper Cleaning and Sanitation

(ii)Airtight Storage

(iii)Insecticides

(iv)Fumigation

(4a) 

A: Natural brooding (using a hen to provide warmth to chicks).

B: Artificial brooding (using artificial heat and light source for chicks).

(4b) 

I: Heat/Light source (electric bulb).

II: Reflector.

III: Feeding and water trough (or feeding area).

 (4c) 

(i) Regular cleaning and disinfection of the brooder.

(ii) Ensuring constant supply of clean water and feed.

(iii) Monitoring and maintaining the appropriate temperature.

(iv) Checking and replacing the bedding material.

(4d) 

(i) Rats.

(ii) Snakes.

(iii) Mice.

(4e) 

(i) Limited number of chicks can be brooded at once.

(ii) Higher risk of disease transmission from the hen to the chicks.

(iii) Inconsistent heat supply, especially during cold weather.

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